Through the implementation of standardized, the reduction of trade barriers, enhance security, improve products, systems and services interoperability, but also promote technical consensus. The standard depends on the interests of all parties to make voluntary participation, including industry, government departments and the general public. EU imports of machinery on a set of stringent safety regulations, domestic manufacturers to explore the European market, we must first understand these laws and regulations.
The European market for imports of foreign products and technology has always been an open mind.
EU developed innovative mechanisms to remove trade barriers and realize the free flow of goods. "The new method" is an integral part of this mechanism, including a number of products related to the group command, which provides for the safety, health, consumer protection and environmental protection, the minimum standards.
New methods involving the major categories of products (for example: machinery, building products, toys and other categories) or horizontal risks (such as electromagnetic compatibility), unlike the old method of product-oriented mechanism.
New methods in public institutions and market practitioners and established a close cooperation between these institutions in the process of standardization plays a very important role. Responsible for assessing whether to meet the requirements of the directive body (that is, "test") for private entities, appointed by the member countries. In the old way system, the technical specifications approved by the competent authorities, "inspection agency" functions from state-level institutions.
The new approach provides a listing of products must meet basic requirements, but does not include how to implement specific technical specifications of the new method, but to give the manufacturers a higher degree of flexibility. Under the new method, manufacturers can choose and the transformation of technology, to meet the basic requirements. In the assessment, the new method provides a wide range of options.
New method does not include technical specifications. However, it is comprehensive, coordinated and based on this idea, the request must be in line with European standards and regulations of the specific technical details. Therefore, the EU Association for Standardization (CEN) bear a special responsibility. CEN is the European standards and technical specifications of the major development agencies, also in accordance with EU Directive 83/189 (now called the "EU Directive 98/34") was only recognized by the European institutions, responsible for various economic activities in the European standards for plans, the drafting and approval, but does not include electronic technology (CENELEC) and telecommunications (ETSI).
When necessary, should refer to detailed technical specifications to ensure compliance with the basic requirements of the economy. These norms is the best recognized standardization bodies approved by the European standards or international standards. Are listed in Appendix 1 should be taken into account the basic definition.
Machinery orders
EU Directive 98/34 is the first edition of the first to introduce the new method of instruction, June 1, 1989 through. Its aim is to cover all types of machinery.
Although the directive covers all types of machinery, but its use limited mainly static machinery and a portable machine. EC section (EEC) 91/368 and 93/44, this directive was amended after the cover of cargo and personnel movement and enhance the risk (except for some cases), including the following areas: machinery and equipment: To achieve the same purpose, machinery and equipment for proper distribution and control so as to play an integral function.
Interchangeability of equipment: the machinery used to improve the function of these devices on the market aimed at by the operator will be with a single machine (or multiple and different mechanical or traction machine) assembly together. The equipment is not spare parts or tools.
Safety Components
The revised directive on January 1, 1995 the full implementation of (ROPS and FOPS exceptions in some areas). Since then, all machinery will be the first running of the EU market makers (or suppliers) must meet the following requirements:
Appendix 1 with the technical requirements;
Prepare and submit a technical paper (information);
Provide application, maintenance, training, supervision and personal protective equipment, and other aspects of information;
Declaration of compliance products, and some machinery has also set up a special request;
Attached to the name of the manufacturer and other information;
CE tag attached.
Meet the above requirements, machinery manufacturers in Europe could be of any regional market integration. If the failure to meet these requirements, manufacturers will be seen as breaching the country of origin, and Availability of the Penal Code.
The so-called first on the market, referring to the January 1995 after 1 mechanical the first time in EU integration marketing. This does not include January 1 in member countries before the second-hand machinery, including from the European Union but outside the second-hand machinery. Also includes instructions for the internal use of manufacturing or assembly of the machinery.
Coordination of European standards
Coordination of European standards What is special about it » First, the supplier should be considered in the implementation of machinery orders (MD) should have the knowledge: to understand instructions; mechanical design; machinery; accident of history.
Clearly, many enterprises and more difficult to collect such information and shall be implemented with full confidence. At that time, the European Association for Standardization / CLC hope that the technical committee within the authority of experts convened European formulate the definition of technical standards. On the basis of this consensus is reached, according to the standards of manufacturing machinery will be deemed to meet the ESR provisions. Moreover, in line with directives of the provisions of Appendix IV machinery in accordance with relevant standards do not cover the ESR in a sample test.
CEN's primary task is to formulate a strategy to avoid future formulation of standards in the formulation of each program. Thus creating a standard at all levels:
Category A: The basic method (EN 292).
Category B: to provide common security themes and equipment-related information (control, shielding, and so on, if relevant "B" standard described in the attached list).
Category C: the specific provisions of machinery safety requirements.
CEN Technical Committee 145
CEN Technical Committee 145 is the purpose of formulating the Plastics and Rubber Machinery category C safety standards.
So far, the Commission launched the 16 working groups (WG), each working group involved in a professional and technical (see Appendix 2).
This category C standard of designers, subcontractors, inspection agencies and clients is very important. Application Category C reasonable standards, help through the main channel for integration into the EU market, could reduce the massive inconvenience.
However, in recent years (even if the recent K 2004 Dusseldorf exhibition period) European imports from China once again with "inspection agency" issued by the CE mark machinery, has not fully comply with the standards of category C. Sometimes, local inspection bodies can not be the correct interpretation of the provisions of reference, because: First, China's lack of security and cultural traditions (not only embodied in machinery, also reflected in the workplace); Second, in the Chinese market it is difficult to find safety components, The inspection body in the inspection process sometimes adopt a "liberal approach" In addition, not all inspectors are familiar with their mechanical inspection standards.
In short, Europe welcomes Chinese companies to enter the European market, but also hope that they understand their rules of the game. |
